Loyalty Of Greek And Roman Mythology - 1467 Words

Joy Whybrew Honors 201 Sec. 5 Fall 2016 Loyalty in Greek and Roman Mythology Numerous mythologies we have read throughout this semester have had an underlying message. Those who are loyal to their beliefs, their spouses, and the gods are rewarded, but those who prove to be unfaithful are dealt with harshly. From the multitude of examples in mythology, I have chosen four to discuss: Cupid Psyche, Odysseus Penelope, Medea Jason, and Antigone Creon. Each of these characters and their stories exemplify either rewards or punishments for their actions from the gods and fates. First, we must discuss how to define loyalty in a way the Greek and Romans would agree with. Loyalty wasn’t just wives obeying husbands, or servants obeying masters, but also the people obeying the rules of the gods. Obedience is a key part of the ancient concept of loyalty, as you cannot be truly loyal to a person or to the gods without respecting their wishes and being obeying them. In the story of Cupid and Psyche, Psyche marries a man she has never seen in daylight, but this does not bother her, as he is very good to her. However, her sisters come and make her suspicious of who her husband may be and believe him to be a beast. Even though her husband had only asked for her loyalty to his wishes, to trust him and not try to look at his face, Psyche is unfaithful. When Cupid sees that Psyche has proven to be a disloyal wife, he leaves her. In this case Psyche was not just disloyal to her husbandShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology And Its Impact On Modern Culture1055 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Greek Mythology and has had a significant impact on our history and mythology helped shed light to it’s culture, religion, and government of ancient Greece. The Mediterranean has served as a vessel for the early civilizations., Greek mythology has influenced the life style and religion of the Greeks, especially because Greek mythology served as the primary basis of Greek belief, it became the nearest thing the Greeks had to a hol y bible.1 These mythologies served as the center of Greek lifeRead MoreClassical Influences On Modern Films And Literature1171 Words   |  5 Pagesthese influences can be both beneficial and detrimental to our perception of the world. The way ancient culture can impact our ideals is demonstrated by various contemporary adaptations of Greek mythology. For instance, in 1997, Walt Disney produced the animated movie Hercules, based on stories about the legendary Greek hero who persevered through numerous labors and challenges to eventually gained a place in Mount Olympus, the home of the gods. Hercules was a major box-office hit among children andRead MoreAncient Greece And Rome Vs. Rome1179 Words   |  5 Pagesthese influences can be both beneficial and detrimental to our perception of the world. The way ancient culture can impact our ideals is demonstrated by various contemporary adaptations of Greek mythology. For instance, in 1997, Walt Disney produced the animated movie Hercules, based on stories about the legendary Greek hero who persevered through numerous labors and challenges and eventually gained a place in Mount Olympus, the home of the gods. Hercules was a major box-office hit among children andRead MoreDid the Ancient Greek Gods Exist?1234 Words   |  5 PagesDid the Ancient Greek Gods exist? The Ancient Greeks regarded their religion and mythology with much respect and loyalty. Although the Ancient Greek Gods are now seen as an explanation created by man, for natural forces and the world around us, there has been much evidence both for and against the debate that these Gods were real. The Greeks believed that the Earth was created with the birth of Gaia, or Mother Earth, from the dark void known as Chaos. It was believed that Gods were all-powerfulRead More Divine Comedy: Dante Puts the Hell in Hellenism Essay891 Words   |  4 Pageswere created Greek heroes and their stories have found a perpetual home in the minds and imagination of everyday people.   There they grow to new height through art and literature.   Dante Alighieri includes famous Greek characters throughout the first book of his Divine Comedy: Hell.   From the famed philosophers and personages who fill Limbo to the very last circles of Hell where the giants inhabit, Dante uses as images of different sins, and punishment for individuals sins famous Greek monsters, loversRead More Comparing the Symbology and Imagery in T. S. Eliot’s Poetry Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthem seem like Sirens. In both poems the women are featured in strong mythological terms. Mythology, legends, etc. have always appealed to the senses. They are timeless, and involve adventure, romance, magic, loyalty, betrayal, wars, and mystery, all of which are qualities that strongly appeal to our senses, while also being riddled with symbols and hidden meanings (Melinda-Landa). Eliot tends to use mythology, or make references to them in his poetry (Sarker 38). As the sun is associated withRead MoreThe Origins of the Universe1315 Words   |  6 PagesOrigins of the Universe - For Romes earliest period, history and myth are difï ¬ cult to distinguish. - The Roman mythological tradition is particularly rich in historical myths/legends, concerning the foundation/rise of the city. - traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in legend/myth. - most familiar myths, Romulus and Remus, the twins who were suckled by a she-wolf. - Used to describe how rome came to be - Once boys grown up, decideRead MoreConstantine : A Vision Or A Politic Strategy?1710 Words   |  7 PagesShannon Mulstay Jeffery Cahan Creative Non-Fiction Research Paper November 29, 2015 Constantine: A Vision or a Politic Strategy? When one looks into ancient history from a purely scholarly standpoint, where would Christianity be if the Romans had never interfered? Their internal issues with an empire divided over power, religion and commerce would eventually lead to its downfall. One of the greatest military machines, Rome was interspersed with the need to conquer and the power struggles betweenRead MoreThe Celtic And Roman Religions Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout their history, the Romans didnt have just one set of beliefs, but a combination of several different cult practices. Originally, they followed a set of rural animistic tradition, in which various spirits were responsible for specific, limited aspects of the cosmos and human activities. These were called numina. Another aspect of this animistic cult was the cult of ancestors, each family honoring their own dead. As contact with Greece increased, the influence of the Roman religion by the GreeksRead MoreChristianity And The Early Stages1468 Words   |  6 Pagesheld a huge part in both of these things. The Roman emperors, culture, and the Roman religion all were things that influenced early Christianity very much. The time period in which Jesus was on earth was probably the best time he could have come. It was a time of Hellenization, right after Rome had taken over Greece. Most of the world was in the Greek empire before it was taken over by Rome, so everything was Greek, and Rome adopted most of the Greek culture for their own once they took it over

Indomie Pomotion Mix Free Essays

string(146) " Promotion that is very well executed by Indoors n the commercial: Catchy Tagging â€Å"Monodies, seller’s† is a well known tagging\." Description Seth Gooding, a best selling-writer of Marketing once said, â€Å"Marketing is a Contest for People Attention. â€Å". A simple yet meaningful quote sums up of how marketing should work. We will write a custom essay sample on Indomie Pomotion Mix or any similar topic only for you Order Now It should be leaned on a form of communication which attract people attention and further influence them to buy the product. This idea is known as Promotion. Promotion is arguably as the most important part of marketing mix. Because without any promotions, no matter how great the idea is, or how the competitive the price Is, It will be no availed. Good promotions will bring Influence ND attracting potential buyers In deciding what products they will buy. Especially, In a very competitive market conditions, even a little advantages in Promotion enough to make differences between a firms to another. Put it simply good promotion, more money. In reaching this goal a Marketing Manager has to modify and combine several different methods of Promotions which can bring maximal Influence for the customer, which is called Promotion Blend. The Kyoto make a good promotion blends from different promotion methods, such as TV advertising, Social Media Publicity and Sales Promotion, is to know all pros and cons, sticking to marketing objectives, and define the life cycle of product promoted. 2. Related Theories 2. 1 Definition of Promotion (J. P Cannon, Ph. D, W. D. Perpetual,Jar. And E. J. McCarthy, Basic Marketing, A global- managerial Approach, 19th) Promotion is communicating information between the seller and potential buyer or others in the channel to influence the attitudes and behavior. Promotion must be fitted In a specific target market and also has to be related with another aspect of Marketing Mix. 2. 2 Promotion Methods There are several Methods of Promotion available: Personal Selling Mass Selling Involves Communicating large numbers of customer, usually less flexible. But cheaper than personal selling. Examples of this method is Advertising which is paid Usage of media such as TV Newspaper, Billboard ETC Publicity Free or unpaid form of personal presentation of Ideas or products such as Press Releases. Other Examples Is usage of Internet, such as Internet message or links Sales Promotion It refers to activities that stimulates trial or purchases by the customer in the channels. This method is planned for faster result relative to other method. Promotion Objectives Communications 2. 3 Promotions Objectives The ultimate objective of promotion is to encourage customer to buy the product. But 1 OFF the promotion is largely dependable to the market or the seller. For example, a product released of a well known Company will have different approach than new established one Basically there are 3 Promotion objectives that can be categorized, and each of this has different orientation. Informing objective, is more oriented to new release of a product, but persuading is largely used for competitive market, the last one reminding is suited for an established brand. There are also another classification based on Action which is Called AID Model Promotion Objectives Adoption Process AID Model Informing Awareness – Interest Attention-Interest Persuading Evaluation- Trial Desire Reminding Decision-confirmation Action 2. 4 Effective Communication on Promotion Promotion is wasted if it’s not communicated effectively. The main reasons for these are Noises Misinterpretation Example of Communication Process 2. 5 How Promotion Plans Blended and Integrated There are 2 types of promotion effort approaches Pushing through channel: Normal Promotion Effort. This approaches use intermediaries and emphasizes on importance of securing channels and to the final user. The Sales relates directly to retailers and wholesaler, and because of the nature of competition, usually the Company will make short arrangement that are more beneficial than the competitors to ensure retailers will buy all the product. Pulling by customer (Requesting Product) This approaches ensure customer to ask intermediaries the products. 2. 5. 2 Promotions blends over life cycle Promotion blends likely to change its objectives, based on the different life cycles stages Introduction: Informing about Products Growth: Emphasizing in stimulating demand or persuading Maturity: Promotion should relied on mass selling or selling promotion. If firm already well established, usually it has competitive advantage- Decline: Promotion cost are lowered to prevent lost, and sales are more oriented to specific market 3. Profile brand in Indonesia and how it become irreplaceable in its market for more than 3 decades. This paper will also further explore few important examples of this brand promotion media and tools. The name of this product is Indore Indore, which is an Instant Noodle produced by Indoors SETI Maker is more than Just a brand. It’s the worlds largest instant noodle manufacturer founded in 1982 by Mr. Siding Salami. It’s deeply rooted as a food that binds with Indonesian Culture, with different kind of customer, rich poor, old or young, On the tallest building on Jakarta, or coldest peak in Budgeting. Indore is also distributed in more than 10 countries. Even â€Å"Indore† word has become a synonym word for Instant Noodle. For years Indore has won many award such as Most Valuable Product, Top Brand for Kids, Indonesia Best Brand Award, The Most Effective Ad, Indonesia Best Packaging Award, Encourage Assail Proud Indonesia, and The Most Powerful Distribution Performance. This shows how huge the brand 4. Analysis 4. 1 Personal Selling Strategy As a famous and accomplished brand, Indore doesn’t rely on Personal Selling Strategy anymore. This further shown by lack of sales or personal seller employed by Indoors 4. 2 Mass Selling Strategy Advertisement 1. Media TV In this era of consumptive and modern lifestyle, the Television is arguably the center of all media and its influence can’t be ignored. So television Commercial promotion is always become the promotional of promotion. This is what Indoors do correctly. For example, many of the commercials of Indore has ass Length, and some of it, even pass one minute duration. This might be sounds expensive, but for a Market Leader, this kind of advertisement is to be expected. Also, there are few points of Promotion that is very well executed by Indoors n the commercial: Catchy Tagging â€Å"Monodies, seller’s† is a well known tagging. You read "Indomie Pomotion Mix" in category "Papers" This simple statement fills the objective of promotion which is Reminding. Indore has already an established brand, and there is no need to persuade or trying. Indoors choose a simple way to remind people about Indore. Also, this simple tagging will not allow any misinterpretation. Commercial As a market leader, Indies’s commercial is always highlighting at the nation- acknowledgement of the product. Many of the Commercial shows the nature and culture of Indonesia. Indoors knows that Indore has become a cultured product, and thus, using this as an advantages against its competitors In Introducing New type of Product When releasing new types of product. Mime Rending and Mime Cable ‘Jog, Indoors based on the uniqueness of the product. It fulfills the objective of Promotions, which are Informing and persuading the customer. 2. Bill board and Newspaper Indore doesn’t rely on these types of mass selling as promotion blend. Compared to TV, the Billboard or any conventional means of Advertising is relatively low. The Numbers of billboard isn’t as many as Cellophane provider or Cigarette company which are the main user of bill board. 3. Internet based promotion. Much like printed types of advertisement, Indoors also doesn’t really use the internet as a mass selling advertisement. But The faceable page of Indore is quite popular. With more than 600 thousand likes. Publicity As a well known and established product, Indoors rarely used any Publicity moves such as press releases. Let also related to the type of product. Indore, which is a food brand isn’t often to release new type of product. 4. 3 Sales Promotion Aimed at Final Customer Jingle Dare Contest In 2008, Indore released a contest which objective is to create its new Jingle. This contest generates many participants especially younger people and high school students. By using this contest, it sparks attention to people. Even though the numbers of participants are not necessarily reflect the number of increasing customers, but It surely generates the hype and reminds potential customer of the product. Pap Criteria Contest In 2011, a very interesting advertising Commercial from Indore aired on television and Radio. The advertisement tells us about a person story about Indore. So Indoors encourages people to send their story to email, and those who are lucky, can have their story be shown on Commercial. This also generates people attention for the Brand itself. While not many stories being made to commercial, but this sales promotion has successfully, increase the attentions of customer. Online Contest Indore has also successfully create contest in Social Media, such as â€Å"Foot Barren Undermine†. This sales promotion, is targeted to younger markets. Aimed at Wholesalers Wrung Kopi Partnership In Guajarati and few other cities, If someone wants to open a wrung kopi booth. They can get discounted price if they lay a banner on their wrung Kopi. This is one of the approaches of promotion, known as Pushing, an approaches focuses on giving intermediaries facilities. Medium Bertram Peddling Indore Indoors also facilitates those Worktop Retailers to go back to hometown every idol flirt for free. This is also a way to make sure that those intermediaries have more incentives to buy Indore, not other brands. These Wholesaler oriented strategies is often become decisive and crucial. Because, many of Indore bought, isn’t directly from I ndoors, nor from the big retailers, but from these small retailers. By keeping good relationship and shares benefits with them, it will ensure that Indore will be he first choice for final customers. For years, Indore stance as the number one Instant noodle brand in Indonesia, is unquestionable. But suddenly, In 2003, Windproof release a brand named Mime Sedan. With its â€Å"Shrink† fried onion and its Massive stream of commercials, suddenly Mime Sedan is threatening Indore throne. This unprecedented entrance has caught Indore off guard. Surely and Slowly, Indore faced a fierce competitor which has taken a large chunk of the market Mime Sedan from Indoors, penetrate the market with yet simple but effective Promotion Blend: Heavy Advertising Mime sedan released many creative Advertising especially in Television. But these, Massive airings of Commercial isn’t hastily made. These Commercials are often highlighting Mime Sedan superiority over other brand such as Use of Crispy Fried Onion, and thicker sauce. Also Mime Sedan successfully maximize the brand name, to make customer orientating their brand to â€Å"Sedan† which means delicious. Another key to the this promotion blend, is the one minute long Advertisements. With brand Ambassador like Paid. Mime Sedan has successfully creates â€Å"grand† feeling of its ads . Counter by Indore Finally in 2005, Indoors launches many commercials and heavy promotions to counter Mime Sedan. One minute TV commercial which objectives it for reminding people that Indore is the pioneer of Instant Noodle is shown repeatedly and many new tastiness are created . Also, sales promotion such as Jingle Contest is aired to generate attention for younger audience. The main objectives of promotion blend for Indore, is changing. It’s no longer based on Reminding,because its clearly not enough but also Persuading people. Indore successfully exploits the fact that Indore has been a top of the mind product for a long time and this is a competitive advantages over mime sedan. By persuading people that Indore, is still number one in Indonesia and with helps of massive advertising and sales promotion, the Market is slowly gained back. The shift on the market slowly changes to opposite direction towards Indore. Conclusion Indore has been a widely known brand of Instant Noodle. Even the brand of product has become a word synonym to instant noodle. As expected, nearly all of their Promotions Method and blends concentrates, not on why they should buy it, but why they souls keep buying it. As a market leader and a product at its maturity, the objective of Indoors is to keep reminding the costumer of their product. So That they won’t have change of hearts and buy other brand. Their Promotion blends consist of conventional and digital means. Although it’s primarily relies on TV and Radio as the main tools. Also, Indoors focused on Pushing Strategy, which oriented to wholesaler not Just end customer. But there is also a point that has to be highlighted. Because of sudden entrance of competitors, the Promotion blend of Indore has to be changed. This further shows, that in a good marketing Decision, right promotional decision, it will contribute directly to the longevity of the products in surviving the market. By maintaining the competitive advantage of its own brand and keeping the right promotion blend available Indore will and still is the number one in the market. How to cite Indomie Pomotion Mix, Papers

The Wearable Devices

Questions: 1. What are wearable devices and Provide several examples of general applications of wearable devices? 2. Describe some of the consumer-related issues that are mentioned in this article and Briefly discuss possible solutions to the issues? 3.Explore some of the apps for wearable devices using the links below. Describe the specific functions of a few of the apps? 4.Ethics and new technologies. Read several of the articles below and discuss the ethical issues related to wearable devices. Use the appropriate method for referencing in all cases? 5.Read the following articles and discuss security and privacy issues related to wearables and data sharing? Answers: 1. Wearable devices: The wearable or wearable devices are mobile computing electronic technologies that can be worn by the users comfortably. The devices are often connected to the computer or mobile devices through wireless communication medium so that tracking of physiological function and biofeedback can be facilitated. Distance walked, calories burnt, pulse, heart rate and many more fitness associated activities are tracked though the activity tracker wearable devices. Smart watch is another wearable device that remains connected with the mobile devices wirelessly. This devices allows the user to read/send messages, answer calls, play music, browse web, accessing applications and many more activities without touching the phone. Smartglasses or smart eyewear are the wearable eye-glasses. Examples of general applications of wearable devices: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in located Boston. Doctors within the ED or Emergency Department of the medical center, functioning with Wearable Intelligence, a San Francisco-based firm, are navigating a altered performance of Google Glass for looking into records of the patient. Wearable Intelligence has constructed a convention application that blocks online networking elements of Glass and bolts within the remedial competence's Wi-Fi network. Pediatric Surgery Divisions physicians were invited for submitting a proposal in terms of their telementoring project for exploring in the initial wave of the project. These students of the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and New York Medical College, carried out a investigative study on the utilization of Google Glass. In order to provide higher education is various government and institutions are depending on Google glass. Through using the glass, the learner can take part in as a participant, reporter and observer simultaneously. It enables more detailed life-blogging. It also offers a subjective point of view in terms of storytelling. At present days, the various libraries all around the world are using the wearable devices creatively. The present applications of the wearable technologies in the Libraries are various. Through establishing partnership with the ITG or Instructional Technology Group, Yale Universitys Bass Library is making extensive use of the Google glass. In addition, wearable innovations another adopter is Claremont Colleges Library. This library is a association of five autonomous undergrad human sciences schools and two graduate establishments arranged on connecting grounds. The Colleges have six thousands and nine hundred students and there thousand and six hundred personnel and staff. Claremont's one of the administrators was got the invitation to join the second wave of Google Explorers. A sensor is implemented within the users body for gathering information regarding nutritional parameters. These data are sent to cloud storage so that the data could be analyzed and diet related suggestions could be provided to them. 2. Consumer related issues Description Solutions Rich technological functions instead of good looks The consumers are supposed to wear the devices on their body. For this reason the look of the devices have to good. The look of the device does not complement users desired looks. The wearable device manufactures must consider the look of the device before its technical functions to be successful in the market. So to draw in a standard group of onlookers, the wearables advertise needs to concentrate more on how its items look before their innovative capacities. It's coming to the heart of the matter where mold and execution of that apparel start things out and the way that it's keen, gives you some input or measures some mechanical parameters is an auxiliary thing. One reason for this distinction between the innovation market and buyer well known outlines is an absence of plan aptitudes on the designing side of wearables and the other way around in significant form brands. To defeat this, Drinkwater trusts architects with both aptitudes would help the wearables business make that progress. 3. Google Glass Application: 1.Glass Copter: In this game the player have to fly a helicopter. The game provide various obstacles in the path of the helicopter. The display remains in front of the eyes. The user has to avoid those obstacles through moving the head. 2.Tesco Grocery: This is an online grocery shopping application. The application allows the user to scan a products barcode with the use of Google Glass built-in camera (Brewis, 2017). IFTTT: This liberated system exists for making users online activities less demanding, mechanizing the assignments user frequently carry out activity over an extensive variety of well known applications and administrations. Wearable Fitness Application: 1.Moov Now: This application incorporates five distinct applications for meeting the need of the walkers and runners. The application offers the user different levels so that users can challenge themselves. The best part of the application that its tracking mechanism can be referred to as an actionable part of users run (Wearable Technologies, 2017). 2.Adidas miCoach: The applications functionalities are associated with the application within the smart phone. The application has voice coaching functionality. The functions of the wearable can be connected to the mobile application through the use of Bluetooth. Apple Wearable: 1.Apple Watch Apps: Presently Watch clients have a decision of transport applications on their Watch. The inherent Maps application from Apple is still the most adaptable on account of great maps, headings and now open transport alternatives in a few urban areas like London. Be that as it may, Google's answer is clear and alluring. It gives headings (however not maps) for two goals, home and work, but rather will likewise indicate courses as of late took after on your telephone (Best Apple Watch apps for your smartwatch in 2016, 2017). 2.Sleep++: The sleep monitor application works when you keep the Watch on around evening time. This may mean a few clients need to switch the reviving cycle to first thing in the morning, however as the Watch charges rapidly this may not be an issue. 4. There are tremendous security and moral ramifications around wearable innovation. The market regarding entire innovation is ready for developing from one and a half billion to five billion dollars In any case, as its utilization turns out to be more far reaching, businesses should set up strategies representing how staff utilize the innovation. Taken as an example, if a man wears Google Glass recordings a meeting with different representatives, that could be translated as tormenting (ComputerWeekly, 2017). It is anything but difficult to perceive how innovation can change the way doctors rehearse drug and this can raise a couple of moral concerns additionally fortify some key ideas in cutting edge pharmaceutical, the first is independence. With this forward data, patients will be able to settle on educated choices while picking the fitting administration for their condition (Trinity News | Ireland's Oldest Student Paper, 2017). Since an individual must be viewed as self-sufficient if their choices are not restricted by lacking data or comprehension, this is an extraordinary instrument towards a superior self-sufficiency of the patient. That kind of move will undoubtedly occur with the up and coming era of destined to-be universal innovation: wearables, particularly head-mounted ones like Google Glass that depend on augmented reality (AR) to convey data. In any case, not before society all in all thinks about the new arrangement of difficulties such devices will convey to open life, individual security, and our associations with the organizations and specialist assumes that will have entry to more true information than any time in recent memory (CNET, 2017). The social designing parts of expanded the truth are similarly as imperative as the PC building viewpoints. Directed by Scientific American Senior Editor Seth Fletcher, the discussion wandered from the plan and building difficulties of AR and wearables to more scholarly inquiries. It ended up taking a gander at the moral issues postured by having gadgets flooding with new and advising information strapped to our appearances at all circumstances and evolving, tru ly, how we see the world (Dame, 2017). 5. Spy Gear: Secret expert advancement exceptionally created in Television from the years 1960 is getting to be to be much more a reality as contraptions continue saturating standard culture and current business. Wearable contraptions allow customers to adequately and sagaciously get video and sound. As general things, for instance, watches and eyeglasses are changed into wearable sharp contraptions, it gets the chance to be unmistakably difficult to abbreviate surveillance and shield information got from the photos assembled. Wearables tend to be nearly nothing and more thoughtful, which makes it less requesting than at whatever time in late memory to take data sensitive information (Itbusinessedge.com, 2017). Data Protection: The way that numerous wearables store information on the neighborhood gadget without encryption is a main problem. There's regularly no PIN or secret key assurance, no biometric security and no client validation required to get to information on a wearable (Itbusinessedge.com, 2017). In the event that it falls into the wrong hands, there's a hazard that touchy information could be gotten to effortlessly. Weak Wi-Fi connection: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth link among wearable devices and connected smart phones is a different region of exposure for enterprise information. Presently, BitDefender, a security firm, revealed that the Bluetooth connection among smartphones and Android devices might be considered as decoded using brute-force attacks (Itbusinessedge.com, 2017). References Best Apple Watch apps for your smartwatch in 2016, (2017).Best Apple Watch apps for your smartwatch in 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.in.techradar.com/news/wearables/Best-Apple-Watch-apps-for-your-smartwatch-in-2016/articleshow/45993206.cms [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. Brewis, (2017).Best apps for Google Glass 2015 UK: Our pick of the best Google Glassware. [online] PC Advisor. Available at: https://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/test-centre/gadget/best-apps-for-google-glass-our-pick-of-best-google-glassware-2015-uk-3581869/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. CNET. (2017).Wearables with augmented reality are mind-blowing -- and an ethical nightmare. [online] Available at: https://www.cnet.com/news/wearables-with-augmented-reality-are-mind-blowing-and-an-ethical-nightmare/#ptlink.fid=5086isc=1did=bookmark.423d976a8f08ed546f2cc88c14438d3d22086fbfctp=article%0D [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. ComputerWeekly. (2017).Wearable technology creates new privacy issues for employers. [online] Available at: https://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240223173/Wearable-technology-new-privacy-headaches-for-employers [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. Dame, R. (2017).Wearable technology // John J. Reilly Center // University of Notre Dame. [online] Reilly.nd.edu. Available at: https://reilly.nd.edu/outreach/emerging-ethical-dilemmas-and-policy-issues-in-science-and-technology-2015/wearable-technology/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. Itbusinessedge.com. (2017).Five Potential Security Concerns Related to Wearables. [online] Available at: https://www.itbusinessedge.com/slideshows/five-potential-security-concerns-related-to-wearables.html [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. Itbusinessedge.com. (2017).Five Potential Security Concerns Related to Wearables. [online] Available at: https://www.itbusinessedge.com/slideshows/five-potential-security-concerns-related-to-wearables.html [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. Trinity News | Ireland's Oldest Student Paper. (2017).Wearable devices in medicine: ethical and legal implications. [online] Available at: https://trinitynews.ie/wearable-devices-in-medicine-ethical-and-legal-implications/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017]. Wearable Technologies. (2017).The Best Wearable Fitness Apps. [online] Available at: https://www.wearable-technologies.com/2015/10/the-best-wearable-fitness-apps/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2017].

Report On The Airasia Tourism Essay Essay Example

Report On The Airasia Tourism Essay Essay 1.0 Executive sum-up The current state of affairs of Air market is non steady and could fulfill demands of clients, more and more negative intelligence appear to demo depression of AirAsia. AirAsia is a Malaysian-based company which owns air hoses in Asia with low cost and supply 400 flight lines over 25 states, the AirAsia was foremost founded in 1993 and operated in 1998 ( Sen A ; Ng, 2008 ) . With about 20-year history, AirAsia could be regarded as the most successful company in Asia. Brief analysis of AirAsia will be given in the study and farther information will be provided to farther support aid for readers to cognize about AirAsia. 2.0 Introduction The air market is fighting at present, more rivals are involved in the conflict and the competency seems intense than of all time before, higher monetary value of energy and lower monetary value of flights drive most of aeroplane companies loss net income and cut down gross ( Kernchen, 2007 ) . Airline market in Europe, America particularly in Asia is developing in opposite way, with effects of fiscal crisis, less clients go out to go by plane ; economic system is besides influenced by crisis which drives less business communities travel on board to put by plane ( Shaw, 2011 ) . The air hose companies around universe are all affected by crisis, diminish the gross. At the same clip, the velocity of development of engineering is beyond imaginativeness of people, most air hose companies purchase new planes from states expert in mensurating planes such as America, China and Russia, which increase cost and do more hard to equilibrate finance. The aim of the study is to provide information of AirAsia for readers and help them to better understand the factors impacting AirAsia in the hereafter, possible menaces AirAsia will confront with. The study will province an analysis of AirAsia with PESTEL method, from assorted facets to demo the cardinal external factors affect the development of AirAsia. Then the 2nd portion will discourse how the Market Liberalization in the Asia-Pacific assisted AirAsia growing in the part. The 3rd portion of study will implement informations to demo a SWOT analysis of AirAsia and Porter s five forces to farther supply information of AirAsia. With SWOT analysis and Porter s five forces, possible challenges will be given which AirAsia will confront in the hereafter. Finally a decision will be referred to. 3.0 External factors affect AirAsia We will write a custom essay sample on Report On The Airasia Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Report On The Airasia Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Report On The Airasia Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many factors will impact the development of an industry, which could easy divided into external and internal factors. To drive organisations come on better in the mutable universe, to analyse and cognize what possible factors will impact organisations is indispensable. Ageless factors are easy to manage and organisations could fix in progress before jobs appear, particularly for states in Asia, most states are at developing groups, external factors such as political relations, economic system or climes will impact organisations development in long-run ( Kohama, 2003 ) . Airline industry is easy affected by those external factors, so the undermentioned content will give a PESTEL analysis to assist readers cognize what will impact AirAsia. 3.1 PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis is used by directors as one of the most indispensable models to analyze the external factors that affect development of organisations, PESTEL stands for Political, economic, societal, technological, environmental and legal ( William A ; Green, 1997 ) . The undermentioned content will concentrate on state of affairs in Asia in the position of PESTEL analysis. Political factors: Asia is a assorted part compared with other countries, there are assorted states with different authorities systems, besides, Asia has a long history, nevertheless, most Asiatic seem to hold the similar cultural backgrounds, the policies each state clasp are wholly different, and the independency motions are continues late ( Zhang, 2003 ) . AirAsia owns many subordinates in many Asiatic states, since cold war, with intense relationship between China and Japan, Taiwan, continues struggle between South Korea and North Korea, the flights of AirAsia are affected by these political factors, the relationships among Asiatic states are hard to fortell and the political relations in each state seem unsteady ( Yahuda,2005 ) . Economic factors: The economic growing in Asia increased faster since 1945, particularly China and Japan, with independent and off from wars, these two states develop beyond imaginativeness. However, influenced by fiscal crisis, most Asiatic states are fighting economic depression, the rising prices rate rise, exchange rates change daily ( Adams, 2006 ) . All these unsteady factors drive less export and less people spend money on touristry which straight affects the gross of AirAsia. The net income diminution with less clients and less export for AirAsia. Social factors: In Asia, touristry is non thought approximately every bit usual as Europeans, which means, under the effects of cultural background, Asians spend less money on touristry. However, Asians are sensitive to alter of monetary value, particularly when they desire to travel out by plane, lower monetary value will pull them, AirAsia holds the advantages of lower monetary value. With more subdivisions set up in Asiatic states, AirAsia will appeal more Asiatic clients. The population in Asia addition fast, mutable population in Asia thrust more immature people change locations to populate, China and India, these two biggest states in Asia means alteration of demand for AirAsia ( Sanderson A ; Tan, 1995 ) Technological factors: Technology plays of import function in the air hose industry particularly for AirAsia which implement the low cost bearers. With more and more experts visual aspect in Asia, rivals in the field of air hose are able to contrive new things to cut down cost to win in the conflict, if AirAsia wants win eventually, the key is to ask for more professional experts to fall in them. Invention of rivals affects gross of AirAsia, excessively. New aeroplanes with high engineering would appeal to clients to alter buying wonts. Environmental factors: Climate is a cardinal factor which influences the gross of AirAsia, nevertheless, natural factors are non planned or changed by human existences. Most of Asia states realize the importance of protection for environment, with globalisation and development of engineering, the pollution rise and the life milieus are damaged. Now, the motto of energy economy and emanation decrease is popular in China, authoritiess request most organisations use clear energy to bring forth, particularly for air hose companies, lower cost but less pollutions to environment, fuel or gas must conform to jurisprudence of states. Legal factors: Tax requested for clients will be increase by most states, which will impact the gross of AirAsia. Confronting more revenue enhancement for tickets, clients will experience uncomfortable and inquire to cut down the monetary value of tickets. Duty will alter harmonizing to current economic state of affairs of the universe, particularly for Asiatic states who export goods with lower cost to vie with domestic industry. Environmental protection ordinances will alter to bespeak AirAsia to utilize clear fuel or gas which addition cost and cut down gross. Laws of export and import will besides impact AirAsia, all these depend on policies of Asiatic states and economic system of the universe. 3.2 SWOT analysis After saying cardinal external factors which will impact the gross of AirAsia, the company besides needs tools to analyse under these factors, what the development in the hereafter, the SWOT analysis pursues an incorporate strategic place by supplying internal information to reason the strengths, failing and external information of chances and menaces ( Bohm, 2009 ) . The SWOT analysis of AirAsia can be seen below: Figure 1: Strengths: Low cost compared with other rivals, the nucleus value of AirAsia is low cost in Asia. Effective direction, correct strategic places, mark clients. Simple theoretical accounts implemented in AirAsia, researching for long clip to happen out suited developing theoretical accounts. Secure clip and high quality of service attract more clients. Expansion with more than five states in Asia, multi-skilled employees in company means efficient work force. Continues invention, experts teams to contrive new type of aeroplanes. Various air hoses for clients, turn outing more picks for clients. Failing: Lower cost agencies lower wage for employees, could non appeal skilled employees. Government ordinance and policies frequently change towards airdromes, higher revenue enhancement for clients and duty for export and import. More demands of clients, higher compensation asked by riders increase cost of the company. New entrants in this field, more intense competition in Asia. Increasing monetary value of gas and fuel, less net income for AirAsia. Brand is critical for market, airplanes merely with service worse than rivals who ask for higher monetary value. Opportunities: Airlines from Asia to other states should be provided. Different theoretical account but still maintain the rule of lower cost bearers. Increase quality of client service and seek to put up a full-service with low menu. Aggressive competition will drive air market prospers for new paths. Higher monetary value of fuel will force rivals out of air industry. Menaces: Full service addition cost of AirAsia. Entrants of air industry with lower cost. Accident, alteration of clime and catastrophe will act upon assurance of consumers. Close relationship among each system in AirAis will restrict development of company. Higher wage asked by skilled employees, increasing cost of labour. Government ordinances and intense relationship among specific states, unsteady political relations in Asia. ( Lim, 2012 ) 3.3 Porter s Five Forces Porter s five forces are used by directors to foretell possible menaces from rivals which will supply a theoretical account for directors to better understand the industry ( Roy, 2011 ) . After saying PESTEL and SWOT analysis of AirAsia, farther information related with rivals will be provided in the undermentioned portion. The diagram of Porter s five forces could break aid readers to cognize more about possible menaces for AirAsia. Figure 2i?s Competition Strong rivals from China and Singapore with the similar slogan everyone can afford the air ticket as AirAsia. Examples such as Spring Airlines in China and Value Air, Tiger Airways in Singapore are strong rivals for AirAsia. Substitutes In the field of air industry, the replacements are non indispensable menaces for AirAsia. Cars and trains are chief replacements, nevertheless, trains are chosen by transitions merely in China and India, with lower monetary value and safe status, non affected by alteration of clime, trains are influence air industry. Cars can be regarded as menaces for AirAsia in limited conditions, merely for clients who like driving and make non care clip. Menaces of new entrants Asiatic air market is a immense market with possible for most companies, non merely for Asian air companies, new entrants from Europe and America besides involve in intense competition with AirAsia. New entrants will alter the supply and demand, impacting AirAsia market portion. New aeroplanes and particular service will pull loyal clients from AirAsia to new entrants. Dickering power of purchasers. Consumers have more picks confronting big Numberss of air companies ; they will bespeak higher quality of service and be rigorous with the return off clip and arrival clip. They will compare monetary values of rivals with AirAsia, kicking lower monetary value of other air hoses to cut down gross of AirAsia. Dickering power of providers Suppliers concentrated, fuel or gas providers are chiefly in East Asia, and the monetary value of fuel and gas are altering without any bargaining of air companies. Fewer providers for fuel and aircrafts mean higher monetary value they could inquire for. The growing of AirAsia depends on many factors ; the study has stated cardinal external factors which will act upon gross of AirAsia, internal factors of strengths and failing of AirAsia. 4.0 Decision In decision, the study has stated three analysis of AirAsia in order to provide adequate information for readers to understand the strategic places and theoretical accounts the company implement. With PESTEL analysis, cardinal external factors act uponing AirAsia are adverting and SWOT analysis to supply AirAsia strengths and failing, AirAsia should maintain the nucleus value and provide better service with low cost bearers in long term. Porter s five forces analysis besides shows possible menaces for AirAsia should detect in the hereafter, with new entrants and bing rivals, AirAsia should alter direction scheme and entreaty to more skilled staff.

Free Essays on Lukes Gospel & Machiavellis The Prince

Distilling a literary work to find its author’s greatest influence on, not only his era, but future eras as well, stands as a task that can only be completed with the dealing of timeless masterpieces. Throughout Core Humanities Seminar, we have as a class, in fact, discussed books that regardless of when they were written, are still popular in the twenty second century, thus are deemed worthy of such interrogation. Centuries Removed, Their Views are Still Relevant The Gospel according to Luke is a depiction of Jesus’ life on Earth from Jesus’ conception to his resurrection. â€Å"The Prince† by Nicolo Machiavelli is a poltical view on how an individual might gain, maintain, and expand the power over the state or states in which a ruler has authority. With such radically different topics, how is it that I can possibly find some kind of correlation between the two books? This is done by breaking down their themes, understanding their eras, and examining their communities. The Gospel according to Luke centers on a few primary rules that a follower of God should live by in order to achieve placement within the Kingdom of God. ‘Love thy neighbor as thyself’ stands atop the list. Luke, or the unknown author of this Gospel, knew that God’s message of spreading love was centered around this idea of individuals treating those around them exactly how they themselves would want to be treated. Jesus spent his time on Earth preaching of God through stories, parables and even his personal acts of healing through miracles. Luke’s Gospel writes that Jesus made it clear to his Kearney 2 followers that God wished to have this idea spread to everyone bringing total peace, unity and love among the people of the world. Machiavelli strived, like Jesus, for something as well, though what Machiavelli sought was not what Jesus had. In â€Å"The P... Free Essays on Luke's Gospel & Machiavelli's 'The Prince' Free Essays on Luke's Gospel & Machiavelli's 'The Prince' Distilling a literary work to find its author’s greatest influence on, not only his era, but future eras as well, stands as a task that can only be completed with the dealing of timeless masterpieces. Throughout Core Humanities Seminar, we have as a class, in fact, discussed books that regardless of when they were written, are still popular in the twenty second century, thus are deemed worthy of such interrogation. Centuries Removed, Their Views are Still Relevant The Gospel according to Luke is a depiction of Jesus’ life on Earth from Jesus’ conception to his resurrection. â€Å"The Prince† by Nicolo Machiavelli is a poltical view on how an individual might gain, maintain, and expand the power over the state or states in which a ruler has authority. With such radically different topics, how is it that I can possibly find some kind of correlation between the two books? This is done by breaking down their themes, understanding their eras, and examining their communities. The Gospel according to Luke centers on a few primary rules that a follower of God should live by in order to achieve placement within the Kingdom of God. ‘Love thy neighbor as thyself’ stands atop the list. Luke, or the unknown author of this Gospel, knew that God’s message of spreading love was centered around this idea of individuals treating those around them exactly how they themselves would want to be treated. Jesus spent his time on Earth preaching of God through stories, parables and even his personal acts of healing through miracles. Luke’s Gospel writes that Jesus made it clear to his Kearney 2 followers that God wished to have this idea spread to everyone bringing total peace, unity and love among the people of the world. Machiavelli strived, like Jesus, for something as well, though what Machiavelli sought was not what Jesus had. In â€Å"The P...

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Last Name and Page # to the right I/2 from the top. Everything double spaced. Student Name Instructor Name Class Course Date Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Paula is a 38 year old administrative assistant. She has visited the medical assistant at Heald College Medical Clinic. During the interview with the assistant, Paula explains she was waking up at night with pain in both wrists, Paula also states the wrist pain becomes worse after she has been working on the computer. Paula says she has been using wrist supports but they do not appear to help. The medical assistant refers Paula to the physician. The physician diagnosis is carpal tunnel syndrome. Diabetes, arthritis, is it the underlying cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. The median nerve controls sensations to the palm side of the thumb and fingers (although not the little finger), as well as impulses to some small muscles in the hand that allow the fingers and thumb to move. The carpal tunnel, a narrow rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand houses the median nerve and tendons. Thickening from irritated tendons or other swelling narrows the tunnel and causes the median nerve to be compressed. The result may be pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist radiating up the arm. Although painful sensations may indicate other conditions, carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common and widely known of the entrapping neuropathies in which the bodys peripheral nerves are compressed or traumatized. However test will need to be done in order to confirm the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid permanent damage to the median nerve. A physical examination of the hands, arms, shoulders, and neck can help determine if the patients complaints are related to daily activities or an underlying disorder which can be used as a tool to rule out other painful conditions that mimic carpal tunnel syndrome. The wrist is examined for tenderness, swelling, warmth, and discoloration. Each finger should be tested for sensation, and the muscles at the base of the hand should be examined for strength and signs of atrophy. Routine laboratory tests and X-rays can reveal diabetes, arthritis, and fractures. Physicians can use specific tests to try to produce the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. In the tendon test, the doctor taps on or presses on the median nerve in the patients wrist. The test is positive when tingling in the fingers or a resultant shock like sensation occurs. The Phalanges, or wrist-flexion, test involves having the patient hold his or her forearms upright by pointing the fingers down and pressing the backs of the hands together. The presence of carpal tunnel syndrome is suggested if one or more symptoms, such as tingling or increasing numbness, are felt in the fingers within 1 minute. Doctors may also ask patients to try to make a movement that brings on symptoms. Often it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis by use of electro diagnostic tests. In a nerve conduction study, electrodes are placed on the hand and wrist. Small electric shocks are applied and the speed with which nerves transmit impulses is measured. In electromyography, a fine needle is inserted into a muscle? Electrical activity viewed on a screen can determine the severity of damage to the median nerve. Ultrasound imaging can show impaired movement of the median nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can show the anatomy of the wrist but to date has not been especially useful in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome. Describe the symptoms that occur in carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms usually start gradually, with frequent burning, tingling, or itching numbness in the palm of the hand and the fingers, especially the thumb and the index and middle fingers. Some carpal tunnel sufferers say their fingers feel useless and swollen, even though little or no swelling is apparent. The symptoms often first appear in one or both hands during the night, since many people sleep with flexed wrists. A person with carpal tunnel syndrome may wake up feeling the need to shake out the hand or wrist. As symptoms worsen, people might feel tingling during the day. Decreased grip strength may make it difficult to form a fist, grasp small objects, or perform other manual tasks. In chronic and/or untreated cases, the muscles at the base of the thumb may waste away. Some people are unable to tell between hot and cold by touch. Treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome should begin as early as possible, under a doctors direction. Underlying causes such as diabetes or arthritis should be treated first. Initial treatment generally involves resting the affected hand and wrist for at least 2 weeks, avoiding activities that may worsen symptoms, and immobilizing the wrist in a splint to avoid further damage from twisting or bending. If there is inflammation, applying cool packs can help reduce swelling. Nonsurgical treatments are drugs in special circumstances; various drugs can ease the pain and swelling associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other nonprescription pain relievers, may ease symptoms that have been present for a short time or have been caused by strenuous activity. Orally administered diuretics (water pills) can decrease swelling. Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) or the drug lidocaine can be injected directly into the wrist or taken by mouth (in the case of prednisone) to relieve pressure on the median nerve and provide immediate, temporary relief to persons with mild or intermittent symptoms. (Caution: persons with diabetes and those who may be predisposed to diabetes should note that prolonged use of corticosteroids can make it difficult to regulate insulin levels. Corticosteroids’ should not be taken without a doctors prescription. Additionally, some studies show that vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplements may ease the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Exercise Stretching and strengthening exercises can be helpful in people whose symptoms have abated. These exercises may be supervised by a physical therapist, which is trained to use exercises to treat physical impairments, or an occupational therapist, which is trained in evaluating people with physical impairments and helping them build skills to improve their health and wellbeing. Alternative therapies Acupuncture and chiropractic care have benefited some patients but their effectiveness remains unproved. An exception is yoga, which has been shown to reduce pain and improve grip strength among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Surgery of carpal tunnel release is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States. Generally recommended if symptoms last for 6 months, surgery involves severing the band of tissue around the wrist to reduce pressure on the median nerve. Surgery is done under local anesthesia and does not require an overnight hospital stay.

Symbolism in Waiting For Godot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Symbolism in Waiting For Godot - Essay Example Although Godot does not arrive during the course of the play, his anticipation sets up the context for the musings and conversations of Estragon and Vladimir. Author Samuel Beckett creatively exploits this open ended plot structure to ponder over important questions about the human condition. Given that it was published in the aftermath of the Holocaust, it asks deep and compelling questions of the state of human civilization and the nature of our species. Such utterances from the two lead characters as â€Å"to hold the terrible silence at bay†, â€Å"Nothing to be done†, â€Å"We are saved!†, etc offer profound interpretive scope for the reflective reader. (Beckett, 1956) The most ostensible symbolisms in the play pertain to the existentialist philosophical framework. The first quote alludes to the acute existential crisis shadowing the period after the Second World War. Written as it was in the aftermath of the most devastating war in history, Beckett's preocc upations with the purpose of human life and how best to go about fulfilling it are in tune with the concerns and sentiments of the time. In this, the play is full of symbolisms of existence and its opposite state death - a pattern found in the works of other post-war intellectuals such as Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. Waiting for Godot is a product of the author's affectations during the war and hence contains in it psychological and philosophical questions treated in the existentialist framework. It is for this reason that notions such as 'death', 'nothingness' and momentary crises of human existence are all symbolically expressed. The play can also be read with theological symbolisms in mind, especially that of the Christian doctrine. The choice of the name Godot (that contains 'God' in it) is perceived by critics to have religious connotations. This claim is vindicated by dialogues in the play that resonate with Christian concepts of salvation, rising from the dead, etc. For example, â€Å"We are saved!†, which is frequently uttered by Vladimir or Estragon can be taken as a reference to the notion of salvation. These two characters can also be seen as the two thieves crucified alongside Jesus Christ. Out of their boredom, every now and then Estragon and Vladimir contemplate committing suicide by hanging themselves from the only prominent tree in the setting. This is again a reference to the crucifixion, but albeit in a sense of parody. Vladimir's casual remark to Estragon in Act I, â€Å"Hope deferred maketh the something sick, who said that?" is again a parody of a Christian proverb of the same rhyme - â€Å"Hope deferred makes the heart sick; but a desire fulfilled is a tree of life." (Beckett, 1956) Hence, the religious symbolism is quite strong, but the tone is one of mockery and not reverence. Ontological questions are focused upon in the play, with the author giving special treatment to the concept of time, which links this work to anoth er path-breaking existentialist thesis, namely that of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time. For example, the deliberate similarity between the first and second acts in the play and elements of repetition seen in them is symbolic of the rhythmic and periodic nature of human existence, with each passing day a mirror of the day gone by and so forth. Because the play is essentially devoid of a describable plot and narrative, it operates at a very high level of abstraction. At this level, it lends itself to

Punishment compare btween islamic law and american law Research Paper

Punishment compare btween islamic law and american law - Research Paper Example es, Landlord/tenant disputes, property disputes, personal injury, tariff violations, additional rate violations, and hate speech under American law (Gardner and Anderson, 2011). B. financial punishment may result from offences like fraudulent dealings, corruption, and mismanagement of public funds, tax evasions, abuse of office, failure to present audited accounts among other financial offences under American law. A. Under the American law, civil punishment comes in form of civil penalties, administrative and individual sanctions, and disposition of property (Cornell University Law School, 2012), revocation of permits and licenses, compensations, suspension of licenses, retrenching offenders, and putting injunctions (Cole and Smith, 2007). I find that there are huge differences between the rendering of civil and financial punishments using the American and Islamic law. I however, hold a higher opinion to punishments based on American

Employer Associations & Modern Awards Essay Example for Free

Employer Associations Modern Awards Essay There have been substantial changes to modern awards over the years that employer associations have historically and are currently advocating. In this regard, issues such as penalty rates and flexibility stemming from employer association submissions have been researched and examined by (Sheldon Thornthwaite 2013) portraying evidence that employer associations relatively prefer cost cutting and enhanced managerial prerogative as oppose to productivity. Entailed within this essay the key concepts such as penalty rates, managerial prerogative, flexibility and productivity will be discussed with particular focus the modern award reviews combined with an overview of Sheldon and Thornthwaite’s argument in summary and concurrence. According to (Boxall Purcell, 2011) management goals are predominantly associated with cost efficiency, controllable flexibility, legitimacy and managerial power. It is these goals that evidently become the concern of relevant employer associations, as such they take on the role of combining, allocating and utilising resources in order to achieve organisational objectives. There have however been significant changes over the years regarding employer association involvement particularly seen over the course of the 1980’s. Employer associations aim to influence and negotiate with the Government of the day as well as tribunals in an effort to ensure that the mutual concerns of organisations are being met. (Sheldon Thornthwaite, 2013) discuss key system issues with regard to employer associations mainly focusing on restricting union’s right of entry, penalty rates and other provisions incorporating aspects of substantive and procedural rules. Modern Award reviews primarily began in 2012, it is during this time that leading associations took the opportunity to not only push for more workable provisions but also to campaign for more substantial changes within various awards. Employer associations accounted for a large number of submissions to the tribunal on a broad range of issued in particular penalty rates, public holidays and flexibility. In the technical sense, penalty rates are a form of tangible benefit within the financial context which generally refers to those payments made to workers outside normal working hours. Regulator motivations for including penalty rates in modern awards as stated by (Sloane, 2014) are twofold: firstly, to compensate workers for work performed during what was historically known as ‘unsociable hours’ and secondly, to dissuade employers from operating within those hours. However,  as advocated by (Sheldon Thornthwaite, 2013) the modern award reviews have ‘provided a forum for employers and their associations to escalate their campaign to the significance of penalty rates in industries operating during the traditionally ‘unsociable hours’, which is evidence that employer associations prefer to enhance managerial prerogative over productivity which is predominantly concerned with the cost of resources. The push for the examination of provisions regarding penalty rates has mostly been seen to affect the tourism and retail industries. Flexibility is made up of numerous components however, within in the context of the workplace involves thinking creatively about how working lives can be better structured to match individual and business needs (Job Access, 2012). Following the review of penalty rate provisions, amendments to the flexibility clause were sought after with particular attention paid to the manufacturing industry. Greater flexibility was requested in the taking and cashing out of annual leave in a further attempt to enhance cost cutting initiatives through control measures which ultimately leads to the underlying concept of elevated managerial prerogative. Managerial prerogative may be defined as management’s unqualified authority to exercise its discretion in certain areas under the belief that they have exclusive rights to make decisions and therefore resist any interference with that control (Storey, 1983). Sheldon Thornthwaite make reference to managerial prerogative in the defensive context through aggressive industrial action which has historically been used as a means of strengthening managerial prerogative. The 2011 Qantas lockout serves as one of the most significant demonstrations of managerial prerogative through the organisations decision to engage in a lockout. As part of a wider push to entrench managerial prerogative employers were also seen to be engaging in aggressive bargaining strategies in order to escalate disputes with the intention of gaining access to arbitration which has an adverse affect on productivity. (Stewart, 2005) promotes the fact that there needs to be greater emphasis on productivity which forges greater efficiency and high trust work systems founded on flexible and fair employment. Productivity is the economic factor stemming from the adequate use of resources; productivity is essentially the measure of achievement through the amount of output that is achieved as result of the input predominantly referring to land, labour and capital as the key resources. Between penalty rates and productivity there is no association they are separated by the contexts of which they are defined. (AI Group, 2012) identify key problem areas within the Fair Work Act Review and state that it is ‘hampering productivity growth, workplace flexibility and competitiveness’ thus meaning that penalty rates do not influence productivity levels. (Sheldon Thornthwaite, 2013) do make it apparent that employer association’s main concerns do in fact favour cost cutting and managerial prerogative rather than focusing on the importance of productivity enhancement. (Sheldon Thornthwaite, 2013) further explored critiques from employer associations whose predominant concern was based on the fact that managerial prerogative was reduced through the increasing weakness of employer’ freedom to contract. (DEEWR, 2012) Released a report referring to more productive and equitable workplaces which disappointed employer associations thus further confirming productivity enhancement to be of no concern. It is clearly demonstrated that employer associations’ main concerns were that of cost cutting and managerial prerogative it is however, the amalgamation of all the relevant key concepts discussed that essentially equip organisations with a competitive advantage. The core concepts behind the submissions made by employer associations clearly obscure the importance of larger issues which further represents that employer associations prioritise the ease of managements working lives over that of the worker. Bibliography Australian Industry (AI) Group (2012), Applications to Vary a Modern Award – 2012 Review, Stephen Smith, Director – National Workplace Relations. Boxall, P and Purcell, J (2011), The Goals of Human Resource Management, Strategy and Human Resource Management, 3rd Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp. 1-36. Department of Employment, Education and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) (2012), Towards More Productive and Equitable Workplaces: An Evaluation of the Fair Work Legislation, Australian Government. Job Access, Flexibility in the Workplace, Australian Government, Accessed 1st May 2014 Sheldon, P and Thornthwaite, L. (2013), Employer and Employer Association Matters in 2012, Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 55: No. 3, pp. 386-402. Sloane, J (2014), Pay Penalty Rates, but not Through Awards System, The Australian. Stewart, A (2005), A Simple Plan for Workplace Regulation, Industrial Law News, Issue 7. Storey, J (1983). Managerial Prerogative and the Question of Control, Routledge Kegan Paul Publishing, London.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Prison System Essay -- Prison J

The failure of imprisonment has been one of the most noticeable features of the current crisis in criminal justice systems. At best, prisons are able to provide a form of crude retribution to those unfortunate to be apprehended. At worst, prisons are brutalizing, cannot be shown to rehabilitate or deter offenders, and are detrimental to the re-entry of offenders into society. If anything, they do little else than confine most prisoners, and as a result lead to the imposition of certain undesirable learning habits and labels. Such habits include the learning of survival patterns of behavior, which do little to help the prisoner to be reintegrated as a useful and productive member of the community. It has been established that prison work or training experiences all too often fail to impart skills that can be usefully applied once the prisoner is released. The prison experience also acts as a stigmatising one, so that the prisoner finds that society labels them as an undesirable or untrustworthy person, despite the fact that he/she has ostensibly been 'rehabilitated' (Bartollas, 1985). Both ideological and socioeconomic pressures play an important role in bringing about changes to the concept of punishment and the methods of dealing with the criminal deviant. To date, however, there has been an increasing pressure for the avoidance and the minimisation of the penal servitude. The general consensus of much criminological opinion is that imprisonment as a corrective and punitive method has failed. What has emerged in response to this failure is the notion of community-based corrections, a movement that has received both intellect... ...e. The prison institution is only a phenomenon of relatively recent times in the history of man, it is by no means true that society is unable to accommodate other means of social control (Andenaes, 1974). What needs to be reviewed is not so much the methods of correction but the basic doctrines of punishment themselves. The introduction of all these new schemes may only serve the purpose of extending social control, instead of defeating, many social problems. In fact, community-based corrections may be seen as undermining, not assisting, movement towards fundamental change in the criminal justice system. Alternatives, therefore, need to be clearly and completely separated and distinguished from the traditional prison system and the culture of imprisonment if they are to have any greater hope of being successful.

Benjamin Franklin Analysis

On Choosing a Mistress â€Å"On Choosing a Mistress† is a letter written by Benjamin Franklin to advise one of his close friends about choosing a mistress. In his 1745 letter, Franklin conveys that marriage is the only remedy for lustful inclinations, but if the friend is determined to stray outside marriage,  Franklin  advices, â€Å"you should prefer old Women to young ones. † Franklin  offers some basic, clean advice: they are more knowledgeable, they are more discreet, they cannot get pregnant, and then he gets down to more lascivious details.This letter was written by Benjamin Franklin long before he became president of the United States of America, Benjamin at the time was in the midst of his life. This document is unique because it was not intended for the public. The document suggests that Franklin still carried a sense of consciousness and morality, unlike what his critics say. The letter shows that Franklin was undoubtedly a really intelligent person wit h a sharp way of thinking. Franklin puts every prospect into effect in this letter; this explains why he was successful in life.The significance of this document comes in the fact that it is a personal letter rather than a document published for the public. This is extremely important in analyzing Benjamin Franklin’s personality accurately. Documents that are made for the public usually are written based upon what is accepted by the society, they tend to not include anything that may affect the writers’ reputation. It is clear that the society at the time in which the letter was written is different from today’s society in many ways. American society at the time was much more conservative than it is today.Sexual relationships outside of marriage were considered to be immoral and were shunned by the society. Franklin is wary about not having a person to make the mistake of being found of having an illegal relation or begetting an illegitimate child. The former po int may a result of his own experience with his legitimate son William. . In his 6th and 7th point, Franklin puts into effect the guilt of ruining a virgin girl’s life. He furthermore makes it clear that marriage is the most proper way to fulfill sexual desires. This explains that Franklin still has emphasis for morals and ethics.The conclusions about Franklin’s person put forward from this letter could in fact be used to foreshadow the decisions he made in his future, and how he calculated each decision by carefully studying all the negatives and positives. Supporters of Benjamin Franklin regard this letter in contrary with his critics. Supporters may argue that Franklin understood that not everyone was in the right situation to get married. They also argue that the point put out by this was only to be used as a last resort. Benjamin’s critics rather carry a conflicting opinion.These documents have used as means to demoralize Benjamin Franklin by his enemies. T hey claim that Benjamin was in fact a whoremonger. Regardless of who’s view is more accurate, this letter still demonstrates Franklin’s extraordinary intelligence in critical thinking and decision making. Three Fables Franklin was never content with mere learned argument and syllogism in his campaigns in the press. In 1770, he had written and published three fables teaching the foolishness of punitive measures against the American colonies.These three fables portrayed Franklin’s stunning use of literature for propaganda purposes. These fables also resembled the oppressive measures taken by Britain through the numerous acts which were seen as a heavy burden by the colonists. Franklin portrays the colonies as the cows, the cat, and the lion, while portraying Britain as the farmer, the eagle, and the mastiff. Consequently in all three fables, the weak overcomes the strong, but only as a result of extreme oppression by the strong. These fables may be have been perce ived as an indirect threat to the British in colonial America.The fables were published during a time in which there was increasing tension between the colonists and the British. Franklin at the time was appointed as an agent of several colonies to the crown. His job was to convince the king and the parliament to change their policies towards the American colonies. These fables further ascertain Franklin’s enormous talent in literature. Writing such precise and explanatory stories in just a few sentences require a great author, Franklin has proven himself likewise.Franklin attempted to use these fables as political propaganda, as well as to draw support towards the American cause. By getting the English lords and decision makers to view it, Benjamin franklin wanted to make it clear that treating the American colonies as cash cows would certainly backfire. This document draws its significant mainly due to the foreshadowing of the American Revolution. Not many people would prob ably have taken this writing seriously when it was first published, but some years later and with the beginning of the American Revolution, people would truly start to admire these fables.The British decision makers in which the fables were inscribed probably have showed little interest, that is clearly shown by the fact they continued to ignore the demands of the American colonies. Perhaps the nature of these fables prompted the British decision makers to further ignore the demands because they saw these fables as a challenge, and they wanted to show that they could face such challenges. Franklins has done an excellent job in summoning his literary skills for the American cause. The writing of the â€Å"Three Fables† was a symbolic warning to the English administration.Although the fables sounded threatening, the English parliament still didn’t react seriously to the American demands. Benjamin’s writing was an early foreshadowing of the American Revolution. He has shown that he is indeed a true American patriot. Rules by which A Great empire May Be Reduced to a Small One After failing to secure support in England, Franklin resorted to political satire in order to express the colonies grievances. In the 1770s, even after helping to defeat the Stamp Act and (later) the Townsend Acts, Franklin grew frustrated with the British leaders' ignorance of America and condescending attitude toward the colonies.Franklin at the time was still an ambassador of several American colonies to Britain. He wrote more essays denouncing British policies towards America. â€Å"Rules  By  Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One† was one of the most known of these essays. The essay was clearly deprecated by the British. Franklin argued that the settlers and their ancestors were the ones who have built and expanded the colonies. Benjamin Franklin has shown that he was a true patriot through this essay. Franklin’s essay was most likely r eceived by widespread discontent by both the public and the authorities in England.The fact that the writing threatened that British colonies may start breaking away has caused many British nationalists to condemn and refuse Franklins ideas. Even some of the lords who held some sympathy for the American cause pulled out their support after this essay was published. The King has probably received this with even wider discontent. It did not only make a direct threat to the kings’ authority, but the points within were more of an order than that of a request. That may have further prompted the British authorities to ignore the requests.Franklin also argued that the colonists and their ancestors are the ones who worked hard to bring the colonies to what they were at the time. Most colonials would have agreed with Franklins reasoning. Many of the American born colonists did not see any real connection with Britain. This shows the deepening division that was occurring between the Am erican colonies and Britain at the time. Although the writing shows that Benjamin franklin would have preferred to prevent violent escalation between Britain and the American colonies, it was clear he put the interest of the American colonies first.Benjamin franklin has pointed out some great points in the document â€Å"Rules  By  Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One†. His ideas which threatened that British colonies may did not sound appealing to people of Britain. This piece of writing also showed the widening rift between Britain and the American colonies. It was also made clear that Franklin put the interest of the American colonies as a priority. Although he sounded strict in some of his points, He has shown that he indeed does have what it takes to be a great leader.

Factors Affecting Transformation in Architecture

As quoted by Greek philosopher Heraclitus –â€Å"Everything alterations and nil bases still.†Its right to state that with clip there is a alteration in life style, civilization and environment which tends worlds to reform their heads and milieus. We adapt ourselves to our environment and milieus. Our first immediate context is the surrounding in which we live – shelter. The intent of shelter is to assist fulfill the physical and psychological demands of adult male. This calls for a shelter that would protect and carry through all the demands. This shelter is what we term as house. â€Å"Shelter is of supreme importance to adult male. It is the premier factor in his changeless battle for endurance. In his attempts to shelter himself against the extremes of conditions and clime he has, over the ages, evolved many types of dwellings.†( Schoenauer, N & A ; Seeman, S 1962, p3 ) â€Å"The house is an establishment created for a complex set of intents. The edifice of it is a cultural phenomenon and its signifier and organisation are greatly influenced by the cultural surroundings to which it belongs†¦ If the proviso of shelter is the inactive map of the house, so its active intent is the creative activity of an environment best suited to the manner of life of people.†( Bhalla, A 1998, p5 ) The above really clearly states that the signifier and design of the brooding unit is based on the clime and civilization ( manner of life of people ) . Both of these factors are transforming due to invasion of scientific discipline therefore transforming the life spaces we reside in. This is an effort to analyze these germinating fluctuations of brooding unit from traditional typology of courtyard house to match-box type flats in Delhi, chiefly concentrating on the latter. Delhi being the one of the antediluvian every bit good as newest metropolis, provides us with the chance for analyzing non merely the earlier or latest form but besides all the subsequent phases of development. In Delhi, lodging transmutations have changed general traditional form of house signifier to modern-day manner of mass lodging to run into the increasing demands of lodging stock and to carry through modern aspirations of people. Assorted inquiries raised during the brainstorming that the survey needs to reply: Change in life infinites was required or it’s merely the western influence? How edifices response to civilization, are they interlinked? How the altering life style has changed the typology of brooding unit? What are the factors behind these transmutations? Are we heading towards right alteration? To happen replies to above inquiries, I would wish to analyze an illustration of brooding unit of Shahjahanabad, Colonial Delhi, and plotted development each and research on the development of flats from DDA Housing to Co-operative Housing to latest tendency of P.P.P. ( Public Private Partnership ) . Factors act uponing the transmutations There is displacement from ancient house designs to current times. House in older times was a topographic point of societal assemblage where people had their emotions attached, with more people but less furniture / contraptions while today house is like a large machine with less people managing all the hello – tech appliances. This is the journey from the natural airing to conditioned air, from natural visible radiation to LED, from societal amusement to telecasting, from green Fieldss to high rise edifices and so on. There are some influencing factors that lead to these alterations and hence taking to alter in reinforced signifiers. These determiners are listed in assorted ways by assorted writers, philosophers, designers, pupils etc. For illustration ; Ar.Charles Correa, in his essay ‘Transfers and Transformations’ , referred thatâ€Å"architecture is at the intersection of major three forces. The first represents engineering and economic sciences, the 2nd, civilization and history, and the 3rd, the aspiration of people†¦ Architecture is an agent of chage.†All three forces are altering with the clip and hence altering the architectural manner. Point of views of some more people are discussed below: Assorted factors considered by Amos Rapoport in his book ‘House, Form and Culture’ to analyze their influence on the built signifier are: Climate: Climatic determinism has been widely accepted in architecture. One demand non deny the importance of clime in finding the function in the creative activity of reinforced signifier. We build houses to maintain in a consistent clime, and to maintain out marauders. Materials, Construction, and Technology: These are non the signifier determiners but are the modifying factors. They decide neither what is to be built nor its signifier. They make possible the enclosure of a infinite organisation decided upon for other grounds, and perchance modify that organisation. They facilitate and make possible or impossible certain determinations, but ne'er decide or determine signifier. Change of stuffs does non needfully alter the signifier of house. Site / Topography: It is non certain that any consistent theory of site as a signifier determiner has of all time been proposed. It is still a inquiry if the site has finding influence on the reinforced signifier. Defense: Defense has been cited more to account for tight urban forms that to find the signifier of homes. Economicss / Occupation: Economicss has been widely used to explicate colony and edifice signifier and its importance is so great. For illustration, herder life among agricultural people fails to accept their economic system, manner of life and house signifier. Religion / Culture: Amos Rapoport refers to the ‘The Temple and the House’ by Raglan who demonstrated that the house is much more than merely a shelter, there is something ‘the sacredness of the house’ . Some civilizations separated the house from their faith while for some – the house was the lone temple. Amos Rapoprt inferred that faith affects the signifier, program, spacial agreements and the orientation of the house but that is non cosmopolitan or inevitable determiner. He linked the civilization to faith and stated the illustrations from all over the universe where colonies and built signifiers are influenced by the universe and waies as proposed by faith. Basic demands: There are some basic demands as considered by Amos in his book ‘House, Form and Culture’ that determines the house signifier such as household, place of adult females, privateness and societal intercourse. Assorted factors considered by Dharmender Aggarwal in his thesis ‘Transformations of residential countries in walled metropolis of Delhi – Shahjahanabad’ to analyze their influence on the transmutations of life infinites are: Role of Lifestyle: The mentality of adult male alterations from clip to clip. The manner he sees the universe around him, the mode in which he wants to set up with the exterior, the manner universe is like to projected to him and the manner in which he would wish to project himself – all these constitute major portion in his life style and all these shapes the infinite in which he lives. Personal values: The adult male has become more introvert. Peoples want minimal and formal dealingss with others. The nature of attitude towards outside universe has changed. As the house to suit human existences along with his values, hence such alteration in his values do alter the house signifier. Besides, people’s personal picks have changed, aesthetic values have alterations which calls for the transmutation in their home unit. Social values: The households are interrupting up. The construct of joint household is no more acceptable to bulk of people. The house which used to associate to larger graduated table is now related to smaller graduated table and therefore less complexness. Now, one wants minimal intercession and the sense of district is more definite. Such alterations do find the house signifier. House Hold Properties: The industrial revolution has great impact on many frontages of society. The industry and scientific discipline have more to offer for luxury, for amusement, for functional installation and comfort. These add-ons have changed the life style and house signifier has to react to these alterations. Climate: Climate has major influence in the alteration of house signifier. Temperature, humidness, air current, rain, and radiation are major constituents of clime that need to be taken attention for while finding the house signifier. Material and Construction Technology: Material and building engineering have important impact on the house signifier. Handiness of Land: Handiness of land affects the transmutation due to degree of division and alteration of land usage form. The subdivision leads to higher denseness and accelerator to transmutation. Deducing from above and as per my apprehension and treatment with my usher, following are the determiners act uponing the transmutations of life infinites: Housing = Land + Development + House Sociable: Social is a wide term that brings under many sub factors under itself. It constitutes cultural, personal and spiritual determiners. With the fast moving lives, we are at a phase where we have about left behind our ancient societal values. In older times, similar households non merely stayed together buta ­Ã‚ ­lsofunctioned as one immense macro household where differentiations were few. With the gradual dissolution of the household system and diffusion of society, the households moved off and the demand to remain together was no longer felt. Therefore, these yearss, atomic households are more than joint households, particularly in metro metropoliss like Delhi. Peoples are self sustained in footings of interaction. They have their ain appliances to be busy with alternatively of societal interaction and if they have societal interactions, so those are merely the formal 1s. It is the clip of more of individuality. As we are heading towards a globalisation, aspirations of people have changed, civilization have taken a bend. Now, house is non merely a shelter but it represents the position symbol. Conditioned anteroom with LED telecasting has replaced unfastened to flip courtyards, acquiring off from nature. The civilization has been influenced by west so much that it has changed the attitude and behavior within the household construction. The individuality has evolved really strongly in present times. Now, every single member in household demands their ain private infinite in the house while in earlier times, household of 10 kids slept, read and resided in individual room / courtyard. Earlier household functioned under the leading of individual caput. The members followed and respected his / her sentiment. In class of clip, household grew smaller and the kids and adult females gained equal importance. Due rise in position of adult females, direct effect can seen on house, kitchen has become a t opographic point of chief accent while planing, while earlier, it was the most ignored component. The present coevals have let lavatories to come in their sleeping rooms as compared to traditional times when those were placed off from house. Therefore, with changing civilization we need to transform the infinites we inhabit in. Hence it is really justly statedâ€Å"The house signifier is non a simple effect of physical forces or any individual insouciant factor, but is the effect of a whole scope of socio – cultural factors seen in their broadest terms.†( Seminar 4, 2002, p62, S.P.A. ) Economic / Functional: The house needs to supply the needed infinite for every map. But in the class of clip, the maps to be served have wholly changed. Earlier it was the cookery, sleeping and other family work to be done in house and besides to function as their topographic point for business. Peoples used have cowss, farm equipments, and the storage, but now, one has segregated their business wholly from their house. Today’s house is merely supposed to be lived in holding the upper limit installations, doing the life at its best. Besides, with the globalisation and entrance of MNC’s in and around Delhi, it has increased buying power of certain subdivision of society. With this, people are choosing for latest engineering. Again this engineering has intruded in all the parts of house from populating to bathroom, therefore altering the signifier of house. The new house has become the premier means to denote their reaching in higher category. Therefore, economic system has direct effect on the house. Climatic: The house needs to be built in coordination with the clime to supply comfy environment to the dweller. Though, there is non much alteration in clime of Delhi from earlier times, but there is debut of engineering and newer theories that lay down guidelines to construct. Earlier excessively we had guidelines that might be based on clime, but were practised in the name of God. Since we have intervened new proved guidelines and advanced engineering, therefore we have transformation in the life infinites. Identifying the consecutive lodging typologies in Delhi from 17Thursdaycentury to current times.

What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay Example

What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay Example What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One Essay Essay Topic: Literature If men will not learn that lesson, they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish. This is an extremely powerful quotation that the Inspector leaves us with. Without a doubt these words are very true. In 1914 World War One began and all this fire, blood and anguish became reality. Britain had entered a four-year war that would have an unimaginable effect on her people. Thousands of towns, cities, homes and businesses were destroyed. Millions of people, men the majority, died horrific deaths. Limbs blown off in explosions, bodies burnt alive in scorching heat, shells blasting, bombs lighting up the dark night, poison gas smothering trenches trapping screaming victims below its green deadly surface. One can only imagine the pain, agony and shear devastation and lost of human life. The war ended in 1918 and much of Europe including England was left destroyed. For people like Mr. Birling it was time to rethink. Is it every man for himself? Is community nonsense? This could be one function of the Inspector; to get the Birlings, especially Mr. Birling, to care for others and accept responsibility before it is too late. Only twenty-one years later in 1939 another war broke out in Europe. World War Two lasted for six years, an extra two years of fighting the enemy. In 1945 the war ended. In that same year An Inspector Calls, the play that I will be analysing was written. John Boynton Priestley the author set his play in 1912, before these terrifying events. This is very significant in order for his play to work effectively, as the themes included in the play are one way or another, directly related to this time and the years and events that will follow. An Inspector Calls covers very clearly a variety of different themes and ideas that Priestley is concerned about in society. He uses the Inspector as the main character, or one could say a tool, to express these themes and ideas to the audience. The sort of ideas Priestley is concerned about in society and is trying to show are the aspects of: responsibility, community, lies and truth, honesty and self-deception, equality, social snobbery and double standards. I will be covering these aspects and indeed many more as I progress through this assignment. What inspired Priestley? What made him write An Inspector Calls and why set it before World War One? The answer lies in his life before the year of 1945. To answer these questions we must first establish and be aware of the following background information. The Edwardian times seemed to be a very exciting and secure time for Britain and many of her people. She was quickly advancing in industry and technology. Her armed forces were also growing and obviously she was extremely wealthy. For the people living in the upper class society times were good however millions were not having such a good time. For the millions struggling there seemed to be no hope, there was no legislation to save workers from exploitation which of course was occurring in factories all over the country and no Welfare State to support these living such a poor life if times were very bad. The Inspector (Priestley in one sense) could see that this is not the right sort of society and that it had to change otherwise severe consequences would follow. The play is based around this Edwardian society and the Inspector tries his best to cover these important issues and express them to the Birlings in order to make them see what it is like for the other people, not just their breed. Priestley was born into a middle class family and did not suffer like the lower classes, however, this doesnt necessarily mean he did not know what was going on or how these people felt. Priestley as a young man spent four years on the battlefield fighting against the Nazi enemy in World War One. During this war Priestley on numerous occasions, narrowly escaped death, this period in his life allowed him to look at life differently and without a doubt he was directly influenced by these experiences. These four years were the platform which he could build upon. Now with his ideas Priestley needed a suitable date to set his play, the most appropriate date was the year 1912. By specifically choosing to write An Inspector Calls after World War Two and by including the material he has done and indeed the Inspector, Priestley could very effectively attract and hold his audience, as many of them felt the way he did and had lived through the wars and shared his experiences. As a result of the wars everyone was brought together. Everyone united as one country and worked together to defeat the Nazis. The children were brought together by evacuations, the women working in factories to produce uniforms and war goods for their men were brought together and of course the men on the battlefields fighting together managed to build a strong relationship among themselves. As a direct result everyone learnt to look after one another and to care for each other, reflecting the fact that; We are all members of one body. as the Inspector would say. The audience now more aware could look at certain characters i. e. Birling and see how wrong he actually is. How does the Inspector represent and present Priestleys central themes or ideas could one say? First I shall establish what Priestleys central themes actually are. His central ideas are the aspects of: responsibilities the responsibilities people can and cannot accept, personally and socially; community the environment people are living in and how it affects them; lies and truth can certain people tell lies and get away with them easily and how some people can tell constant lies whilst some cannot even tell one; honesty and self-deception can people be honest or indeed cannot, if so how can they without being affected in any way, how can they deceive themselves; equality and social snobbery why do some people believe they are superior to others and party; double standards how and why do the men act differently and have different rights than the women and why are they considered less affected by bad news. Mr. Birling believes that a man should make his own way in life, stands on his own two feet and should only look after himself and his family. He says; a man has to make his own way has to look after himself and his family too, of course community and all that nonsense a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own-. This quotation clearly expresses Birlings feelings about community, he believes its nonsense, and he doesnt seem to care for others, only blood relatives and his wife. The audience now looking back to this attitude may well have thought like that before the war but probably have a totally different view after. The Inspector arrives and talks about community, he somehow manages to predict (hence his name Goole supernatural quality) the future and so his view on community is just like the audiences only that he is in the year 1912 whilst the audience are in the year 1945. This is an example of forward thinking and because many members of the audience felt like Priestley he could try to persuade them to take his point of view. This is a very good example of a deliberate attempt made by Priestley to get the audience thinking about this attitude of Birlings and the past, maybe even Priestley himself thought like this before the experiences of the wars. Priestly enables the audience to use their hindsight to reject Birlings opinions because Priestley has made Birling say the Titanic would not sink; the titanic and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable, and there would not be a war Nobody wants war theres too much at stake these days nothing to gain by war, and we as the audience know he is wrong on this, we therefore also reject his other views and thus accept the Inspectors point of view as a result. Mrs. Birling is another example of someone who will not admit personal responsibilities. She clearly does not want to accept any responsibility for the death of Eva Smith. A quote that shows this; father of the child, its his responsibility. We can clearly see that Mrs. Birling is trying to blame the death onto someone else and we begin to gather an image of this woman in our imagination. Another quote that backs up this view is; I accept no blame for it at all. Again Mrs. Birling is refusing responsibility. The audience know that everyone is responsible for one another because they have been shown this through the Inspectors comments. The Inspector talks about social responsibilities. Although Eric and Sheila do show signs of this the Inspector is the one who stands out the most. He says just before he leaves; One Eva Smith is gone but there are millions more Eva Smiths and John Smiths all intertwined with our lives We are all members of one body what we do affects others. This quotation is very important. The Inspector says these words because he is very aware of the fact that war will occur in the future which will cause the people no matter what position in society or class to come together, everyone will be responsible for one other, there will be no superior individuals. The audience will most certainly agree with the comment as they too just like Priestly have lived through the wars and are very much aware of the changes that are going to happen. The upper class community at the time was very formal. There were successful businessmen and their very snobby wives who were totally dependent on their husbands business. There were frequent dinner parties where these upper class people met, and obviously their conversations were dominated by business. The Inspector enters on the stage during one of these parties. The upper class people were very shocked to find out if someone in their community misbehaved; it was more likely to be a lower class person who did so. Mrs. Birling shows this when she discovers that someone she thought was a respectful citizen actually frequently abuses young women, she says; (staggered) well, really! Alderman Meggarty I must say, we are learning something tonight. This quotation with the direction staggered shows that Mrs. Birling is clearly shocked and amazed that this man is carrying out these activities on young women and also she is ignorant of the activities that are happening in the upper class society. Imagine the Inspector being a sharp object i. e. a pin and the Birlings are being protected by an invisible shield i. e. a bubble that only contains ignorance and what ever they want it to contain, the Inspector pops this bubble and the truth about the world rushes in. The Birlings are pretty much so protected from the terrible world and the Inspector is pouring these terrible facts onto them, exposing them. This could be another function; to present the facts to the Birlings, to make them see the truth about the real world and so learn from what they are doing. The Inspector manages to expose some of the characters double standards, Mrs. Birling being a good example. She says to her daughter Sheila; Girls of that class in response to an opinion of Sheilas, one which shows signs of sympathy towards Eva. Mrs. Birling also says; .. As if a girl of that sort would ever refuse money! in response to one of the questions the Inspector asks, showing that Mrs. Birling is an upper class snob who could not possibly have feelings or consideration for other classes of people. She believes she is so much better and more superior to others, she is totally stuck up, mocking others from her over hanging, protective bubble. When the war ended especially the First World War everyone including people like Mrs. Birling, were refreshed i. e. reminded that humans are one species and there is no reason why some of them should feel or believe that they are more superior to others. The war if you like was a warning or indication of some sort from somebody and was a deliberate event to make society realise what it has become. Another function of the Inspector is to try to warn the Birlings that if society will not change then war will follow. Priestley himself is using the Inspector as a tool to do this. Each character in the play has an individual personality and of course their personal view on different matters will be very different from others, in one sense each of the Birlings can represent each member of an upper class society. Some characters tell lies whilst others admit the truth straight away. In my view Eric and Sheila are very alike and are the sort of people who would admit to the truth straight away with no hesitation although Sheila is more honest. Gerald and Mr. and Mrs. Birling seem to me to be a little more difficult to get the truth out of. The Inspector very cunningly manages to get a confession or something with significance out of all the characters one way or another, for example he leaves Sheila and Gerald to talk alone whilst he is listening to the conversation and waiting for that key confession. Sheila and Mr. Birling say their part in the role of Eva Smiths death with little persuasion, although Mr. Birling needs to be convinced occasionally. Quotes that show the characters lying, telling the truth, being honest or being deceiving are (Gerald lying); And I have already told you I was awfully busy at the works all that time. We later discover that Gerald was actually having an affair not working at his works. Gerald clearly is feeling nothing when he says this even though he is lying to his fiance and deceiving himself. Sheila shows honesty and responsibility when she confesses that she got Eva Smith sacked from Milwards. She does not hesitate and takes responsibility for her role in the death of Eva Smith. The quotes that show her honesty is when she says; (miserably) so I am really responsible? this quotation is showing that Sheila is felling guilt for her participation in the death of Eva Smith. Also; Im trying to tell the truth. This quotation is showing that Sheila is someone who is honest, kind and caring unlike her mother. The Inspector has in one way done a good thing by introducing this news, he has made the Birlings, Sheila in particular, realise that things terrible do happen, for example the suicide of Eva Smith, and if you have been responsible somehow then you should accept the consequences that await. Sheila explains what happened freely, and throughout she shows signs of guilt. Sheila is an honest person unlike her fiance Gerald who needs persuasion to admit his role in the death. Mr. Birling being a businessman like Gerald has similar opinions (these two characters represent all upper class businessmen) and so when the Inspector and Eric try to make Mr. Birling feel responsible he obviously tries to blame it onto the girl and Gerald backs him up. The quote that shows this is when he says; Rubbish! If you dont come down on some of this people they will soon be asking for the earth. Gerald replies I should think so! These quotations show that Mr Birlings honest opinion is to be tough and harsh to the employees if they ask for more so that you do not show weakness. It also shows that he feels strongly about this as he has used said this view in a loud manor (exclamation mark shows this). Is this view wrong? Should he be saying this? Priestley is trying to get the audience thinking about these aspects he is concerned about and he uses the Inspector or numerous occasions very effectively to get these views out of the characters. Mrs. Birling as I mentioned before doesnt want to accept responsibility for Eva Smiths death. When the Inspector asks her questions, she could be considered a liar as she says; Ive done nothing wrong and you know it. Mrs. Birling has done something wrong however she cannot admit it this quotation is showing that she is in fact lying. The Inspector is using what the characters have done in the past to question against them and to see how much they can tolerate, he in one way winds them up by going against what they think is right. There are frequent examples throughout this play that show that the men are more able to accept bad news. Mr. Birling and his wife try to protect their young daughter from the suicide on numerous occasions one such occasion is when Mr. Birling says to the Inspector; (angrily) there is not the slightest reason why my daughter should be brought into this unpleasant business. Mr. Birling does not want his daughter to be exposed to the horrible truth of life, at least not at the moment. Again there are examples throughout the play that show that the men are more likely to have a sexual relationship before marriage and it is considered natural, unlike for the upper class women who are not allowed or presumed not too. Priestley doesnt believe that women should be protected we can tell this because he uses the Inspector who says in affect that there is no reason why Sheila should not hear the truth. He says to Sheila when Mr. Birling tells her to run along; No, wait a minute Miss Birling, in other words he wants Sheila to be involved in the conversation.